Discussion of 让/讓 [ràng] by - Trainchinese

1 - These prepositions, 被, 叫, 让 and 给 can all indicate the passive voice. How are they different? 1. 叫 and 让 are used in spoken Chinese. In serious and formal situations, we use 被 instead of 叫 or 让. 2. When 叫 and 让 are followed by a noun that refers to a person, the meaning may be confused with their verb meanings; 被 doesn't have this issue. For example this sentence below has three possible translations: E.g. 我让他说了几句。 I asked him to say a few words; I allowed him to say a few words; I was criticized by him. 3.被 and 给 may be placed directly before the verb predicate without mentioning the doer of the action (E.g. 1 and 2). Other prepositions, 叫 and 让 do not have this unique usage. 叫 and 让 must have objects (E.g. 3 and 4). E.g. 1 他被(我们公司)录用了。 [phr] He is hired by our company. E.g. 2 他给叫走了。 [phr] He was called away. E.g. 3 我的钱包让小偷偷走了。 [phr] My wallet was stolen by a thief. E.g. 4 路上，他的衣服叫雨给淋湿了。 [phr] On the way, his clothes became wet from the rain. 2 - How is 让 (ràng) used differently than 叫 (jiào)? 3 - I am still not sure of this word. Can someone give me another example of it in a sentence? Thanks in advance.

1 - 此类介词，诸如‘被’、‘叫’、‘让’及‘给’，均可用以表达被动语态。其差异何在？首先，‘叫’与‘让’多用于口语表达。在正式与严肃的场合，我们倾向于使用‘被’以替代‘叫’或‘让’。其次，当‘叫’与‘让’后接涉及人的名词时，其意义可能与动词原意产生混淆；而‘被’则不存在此类问题。例如，以下句子存在三种可能的翻译：例如，我让他说了几句话。例如，[phr] 我请求他发表数语；例如，[phr] 我允许他发表数语；例如，[phr] 我受到他的批评。再次，‘被’与‘给’可以置于动词谓语之前，无需提及行为者（例如1和2）。而其他介词，如‘叫’与‘让’，不具备此种独特用法。‘叫’与‘让’必须具有宾语（例如3和4）。例如，[phr] 他被（我们公司）雇佣。例如，[phr] 他被叫走。例如，[phr] 我的钱包被小偷偷走。例如，[phr] 在路上，他的衣服被雨淋湿。2 - ‘让’（ràng）与‘叫’（jiào）在用法上存在何种差异？3 - 我对这个词仍感不确定。能否在句子中再给出一个例子？先行感谢。