NS indicates never smokers, and CS indicates current smokers. FVC indicates the forced vital capacity as a percent of the predicted value. FEV1% indicates the forced expiratory volume at one second as
Results are expressed as mean ± SD. FVC, forced vital capacity; FVC, percentage of predicted FVC; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FEV1, percentage of predicted VEF1; FEV1/FVC, forced exp
