CETD, a global compound events detection and visualisation toolbox and dataset

Compound events (CEs) are attracting increased attention due to their significant societal and ecological impacts. However, their inherent complexity can pose challenges for climate scientists and practitioners, highlighting the need for a more approachable and intuitive framework for detecting and visualising CEs. Here we introduce a Compound Events Toolbox and Dataset (CETD), which provides the first integrated, interactive and extensible platform for CEs detection and visualisation. Employing observations, reanalysis, and model simulations, CETD can quantify the frequency, duration, severity and start/end date of multiple climatic CE types: multivariate, sequential and concurrent events. It can analyse CEs often linked to severe impacts on human health, wildfires, and air pollution, such as hot-dry, wet-windy, and hot-dry-stagnation. To validate the performance of CETD, we conduct statistics for several historical high-impact events, such as the 2019 Australian wildfires and the 2022 European heatwaves. The accessibility and extensibility of CETD will benefit the broader community through better understanding and preparedness of the risks and challenges of CEs in the warming world.