Calix[<i>n</i>]triazoles and Related Conformational Studies

Calix­[n]­triazoles are developed as new derivatives in the calixarene family. Calixtriazole compounds 2–4 are synthesized using an iterative convergent strategy including an inter-/intramolecular copper­(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Solid-state structures are clearly refined to give 1,2-alternate and partial cone conformations for calix[4]­triazole and calix[5]­triazole, respectively. Theoretical studies based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that intermolecular interactions are crucial in determining the conformers of the crystals, and the most stable conformers of calix[4]­triazole, calix[5]­triazole, and calix[6]­triazole in the monomeric forms are 1,3-alternate, 1,3-alternate, and 1,3,5-alternate, respectively.