The Impact of Thyroid Disorders on Women's Reproductive Health

Thyroid disorders can affect women’s reproductive health before conception, during pregnancy, and after childbirth. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may contribute to menstrual disturbances, impaired fertility, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the reproductive implications of overt thyroid disease differ from those of mild biochemical abnormalities or thyroid autoantibodies in women with normal thyroid function. This narrative overview discusses these distinctions and examines the importance of appropriate assessment, preconception care, and individualized treatment. Effective management requires coordination between endocrinology, gynecology, and obstetric services.