SWAVE for LIB recycling

This study has looked at 48 commercial recyclers and assessed their recycling and reclamation processes. A novel qualitative measure termed “Strategic materials Weighting And Value Evaluation" (SWAVE) is proposed and used to compare the strategic importance and value of various materials in EoL LIBs. The sustainability and quality of recycled material is assessed by comparing the final form or composition after the recycling processes, the industrial processes and the industry type (primary material producer or recycler). SWAVE is applied to each company, producing a score out of 20, with a higher number indicating that more materials are recycled.