Unit cost per dengue episode from original studies, by country (2010 US$).

Notes: n.a. denotes not available; med. denotes medical; UMMC: University of Malaya Medical Center.
aThe cost data from Suaya et al. [44] is the same as the data from Suaya et al. [2]; we included only the most recently published.
bThe costs estimated by Huy et al. [37] were out-of-pocket expenses, based on a standardized questionnaire. Indirect costs included income lost due to days of work lost when caring for the child, or to pay for this care.
cThe costs were based on out-of-pocket expenses by patients' households. Patients were hospitalized children aged 0–15 years with DHF.
dLuong et al. [21] recruited patients based on severity, age, and type of setting. To obtain an estimate of the costs, they adjusted the data considering that (i) 65% of the reported cases of dengue in Southern Viet Nam from 2004 to 2007 were children<15 years old, (ii) the distribution of severity of cases corresponds to that reported by Tien et al. [69] (inpatient: 13% dengue fever (DF), 87% dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) & dengue shock syndrome (DSS); outpatient: 100% DF), and (iii) that the distribution of cases by setting is proportional to the number of beds in the study area (i.e., for children: 41% referral, 27% provincial, 31% district; for adults: 0% referral, 69% provincial, 31% district).
eThe estimated cost is the average between the costs per bed-day in a hospital in Bangkok and in Suphan Buri, and corresponds to DHF patients. We assumed that 45% of patients were adults (>15 yrs) based on data by the National Surveillance System (2004–2010).
fThe data by Kongsin et al. [19] are the same as the data used by Suaya et al. [2]. The costs per ambulatory case were estimated as 25% of those per hospitalized case based on Shepard et al. [49].
gEstimate for patients aged 18–64 years based on transport costs, average productivity loss per day, and household services lost per day. For hospitalized patients, the estimate considers the average number of days a person is hospitalized per dengue episode, and for ambulatory patients, the total number of visits per episode.