Study on the retention characteristics of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria by different fillers in the bio-doubling reactor

Microbial loss affects wastewater treatment efficacy. This study simulated the inoculation zone of a self-developed bio-doubling reactor (BDR) and examined the retention of Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria by seven fillers.