Congestive heart failure outcome definitions and follow up data in the prospective cohort studies included in the meta-analysis.

Quality of the included studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (range, 1∼9 stars). OH, orthostatic hypotension; CHF, congestive heart failure; GP, general practitioners; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; CAD, coronary artery disease; HTN, hypertension; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.