Clinical information for children <5 y old hospitalized with diarrhea in rural western Kenya (HDSS subset: 85 children who died, 788 children who survived).

aUnadjusted odds ratio from bivariate analysis.bFisher exact test, and exact 95% CIs reported.cWhere available included conjunctivitis, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, respiratory tract infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, sickle-cell disease.dDehydration on physical exam defined as sunken eyes, loss of skin turgor (slow skin pinch return [≤2 s] or very slow return [>2 s]) or sunken fontenelle.eFast breathing defined as ≥60 breaths per minute for children 0–fLethargic and comatose were combined as being in a state of coma was rarely reported (n = 2 for children who died, n = 3 for children who survived).gKruskal-Wallis test.hCut-off based on the overall median parasite density (19,149 µl), high parasite density was defined as ≥20,000 parasites per µl.iSevere anemia defined as a hemoglobin concentration jDiagnoses considered to indicate HIV/AIDS were a diagnosis of immune suppression syndrome, or if a child was documented as being on antiretroviral therapy on their medical records. Classified separately due to non-routine data collection.