The Dual Burden of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Diabetics: Prevalence, Microvascular Impact, and the Mediating Role of Hyperglycemia-Induced Hypertension

In a retrospective cross-sectional study of 91 patients at a cardiac clinic in Ibb, Yemen, we analyzed a subcohort of 53 diabetic adults. Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol >200 mg/dL or triglycerides >150 mg/dL; hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥80 mmHg. Primary outcomes included proteinuria (≥1+ on dipstick) and diabetic retinopathy. We employed multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of microvascular complications and formal mediation analysis to explore pathways between hyperglycemia, blood pressure, and organ damage.