Smoking alters the network structure and local stability of the peri-implant microbial community. Peri-implant microbiome

Smoking habit has been considered a major risk factor for peri-implant diseases. Considering the biofilm-mediated infectious nature of peri-implant diseases, it is vital to reveal the impacts of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome in order to have a further understanding of peri-implant diseases.