樟子松人工林衰退病生态控制技术研究

本项研究属于森林保护学范畴，针对樟子松人工林衰退治理的关键技术问题，以森林可持续经营理论和森林有害生物生态控制策略为指导，通过国内联合攻关和国际合作，在搞清衰退的诱发、激化和促进因素及其作用机理的基础上，有的放矢地进行生态控制技术研究。开展了樟子松人工林水分动态，林分密度调控，林木冠高比例调控，林分结构调整，农林复合经营，施肥、中耕、切根、围封等立地调控，菌根制剂开发应用等多方面试验研究。依据水量平衡原理建立了沙地樟子松人工林经营密度公式，从生态需水角度出发，确定30年生左右的沙地樟子松人工林密度应控制在380株&#8226 hm-2左右。林地水分消耗主要集中在林木蒸腾和林下蒸散方面 提出了不同林龄阶段适宜的林分密度，亚湿润干旱区樟子松人工林20年生左右时密度控制在900~1000株&#8226 hm-2左右，30年生左右时密度调整到400~500株&#8226 hm-2左右，对于带状近熟林，林分总密度控制在180株&#8226 hm-2左右，并纳入《辽宁省森林经营技术规程》指导生产 农林复合经营增强了沙地樟子松人工林的稳定性，提高了经济效益，是对既有治沙造林成果的完善和发展，由原有单一的林业措施转为林业与农业协调发展，保留的林木可继续发挥防风固沙作用，从理论和实践上坚持了以人为本，寻求治沙建设与合理利用的平衡点。在理论和实践上取得重大创新与突破 以樟子松枯梢病发病规律为依据，通过超常规人工整枝，人为降低林木的“物理年龄”，缓解了水分养分供需矛盾，防病控病效果显著，提出了不同林龄阶段适宜的人工整枝强度，樟子松幼龄林最佳整枝强度为冠高比1

This study falls within the scope of forest protection, focusing on key technical issues in the restoration of declining Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations. Guided by the theories of sustainable forest management and ecological control strategies for forest pests, and through domestic collaborative research and international cooperation, this study first clarified the inducing, exacerbating, and promoting factors of plantation decline and their underlying mechanisms, then conducted targeted research on ecological control technologies.

A series of experimental studies were carried out, including investigations on water dynamics of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations, stand density regulation, tree crown-height ratio regulation, stand structure adjustment, agroforestry management, site-specific regulation measures such as fertilization, tillage, root cutting, enclosure, and the development and application of mycorrhizal agents.

Based on the water balance principle, a management density formula for sandy-land Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations was established. From the perspective of ecological water demand, the density of 30-year-old sandy-land plantations was determined to be controlled at approximately 380 stems per hectare. Forest land water consumption mainly occurs in tree transpiration and understory evapotranspiration. Suitable stand densities for different stand age classes were proposed: for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in sub-humid arid regions, the density should be controlled at approximately 900–1000 stems per hectare at around 20 years old, adjusted to 400–500 stems per hectare at around 30 years old, and for strip-shaped near-mature stands, the total stand density should be controlled at approximately 180 stems per hectare. These findings were incorporated into *Technical Regulations for Forest Management in Liaoning Province* to guide production.

Agroforestry management enhanced the stability of sandy-land Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations and improved economic benefits, perfecting and advancing existing sand-fixing afforestation achievements. It shifted the original single forestry measures to coordinated development of forestry and agriculture, with retained trees continuing to play their role in windbreak and sand fixation. The study adhered to people-oriented principles both theoretically and practically, seeking a balance between sand control construction and rational utilization. Major theoretical and practical innovations and breakthroughs were achieved.

Based on the occurrence regularity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica shoot blight, through unconventional artificial pruning, the "physical age" of trees was artificially reduced, alleviating the contradiction between water and nutrient supply and demand, with significant effects in disease prevention and control. Suitable artificial pruning intensities for different stand age classes were proposed: the optimal pruning intensity for young Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica stands is a crown height ratio of 1.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于樟子松人工林衰退病的生态控制技术研究，属于森林保护学领域。研究基于可持续经营和生态控制策略，通过水分动态分析、林分密度调控、农林复合经营及菌根制剂应用等多方面试验，提出了针对不同林龄阶段的密度控制方案（如30年生林分密度约380株/hm²）和人工整枝方法，以缓解衰退病并增强林分稳定性。这些成果已纳入地方技术规程，体现了理论与实践的结合，旨在通过生态手段有效治理衰退问题。