TABLE 3 in Early Oligocene palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate of the eastern periphery of the North Sea based on high-resolution palynological studies of the Grabówka PIG- 1 borehole, northern Poland

TABLE 3. — Fossil taxa used for the estimation of the mean annual temperature (MAT) based on the Coexistence Approach (CA) method (Utescher et al. 2014). The nearest living relatives and their MAT ranges follow The Palaeoflora Database (Utescher & Mosbrugger 2015; Utescher et al. 2024).
Fossil taxaNearest living relativesMAT range [° C]Aceripollenites spp.Acer–1.1-24.0Alnipollenites spp.Alnus–13.3-27.4Carpinipites carpinoides (Pflug) Nagy, 1985Carpinus0.0-25.8Caryapollenites spp.Carya4.4-26.6Celtipollenites sp.Celtis2.5-25.8Cercidiphyllites minimireticulatus (Trevisan) Ziembińska-Tworzydło, 1994Cercidiphyllum2.2-17.8Cornaceaepollis satzveyensis (Pflug) Ziembińska-Tworzydło ex JansoniusMastixia15.7-27.8et al., 1998Cornaceaepollis sp.Cornus–12-23.1Corylopsispollenites microreticulatus E. Worobiec, 2014Corylopsis9.1-25.5Faguspollenites spp.Fagus4.4-23.1Fraxinipollis spp.Fraxinus0.0-24.0Fususpollenites fusus (Potonié) Kedves, 1978Trigonobalanus s.l. (incl. Colombobalanus)17.2-27.7Ilexpollenites spp.Ilex–0.4-27.7Juglanspollenites sp.Juglans0.0-27.5Magnoliaepollenites sp.Magnolia4.1-27.0Myricipites spp.Myrica–8.9-28.1Nyssapollenites spp.Nyssa4.4-23.9Nyssoidites rodderensis Thiergart ex Potonié, 1960Nyssa4.4-23.9Periporopollenites spp.Liquidambar11.5-25.5Platanipollis ipelensis (Pacltová) Grabowska, 1994Platanus6.6-27.4Platycaryapollenites sp.Platycarya6.9-23.1Polyatriopollenites spp.Pterocarya3.9-24.2Quercoidites henricii (Potonié) Potonié, Thomson & Thiergart ex Potonié, 1960 Quercus (evergreen)8.7-22.1Quercopollenites spp.Quercus (deciduous)–1.4-27.0Reevesiapollis spp.Reevesia13.5-25.5Salixipollenites sp.Salix–17.0-27.7Spinulaepollis arceuthobioides Krutzsch, 1962Arceuthobium–5.5-27.7Symplocoipollenites spp.Symplocos4.5-27.7Trivestibulopollenites betuloides Pflug, 1953Betula–15.0-25.8Ulmipollenites spp.Ulmus–4.9-26.6Vitispollenites tener Thiele-Pfeiffer, 1980Vitis0.0-27.4Zelkovaepollenites sp.Zelkova6.2-21.9