Research progress on synthesis and functionalization of metal-organic frameworks induced by ionizing radiation

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are mainly synthesized via hydrothermal/solvothermal methods, which involve high temperature, high pressure, long time, and high energy consumption in the reaction process. Although traditionally synthesized MOFs exhibit high crystallinity, their pore structures are monotonous and lack specific functional groups, severely limiting the enhancement of intrinsic properties and the expansion of application domains. Consequently, the efficient and green synthesis of high-performance functional MOFs remains challenging. Ionizing radiation technology plays a key role in the efficient synthesis and functionalization of crystalline porous materials, leveraging its unique activation and etching effects. This review summarizes recent research on the ionizing radiation-based synthesis and functionalization of MOFs, covering in-situ gamma ray/electron beam radiation-assisted strategies for constructing defect-rich MOFs and heterostructures, as well as post-radiation modification methods for preparing functionalized MOFs and their subsequent applications.