Across-cancer immune responses induced by nanovaccines or microvaccines to prevent different cancers and cancer metastasis

Cancer vaccines, reassembled from whole tumor tissue components, were applied to demonstrate the across-cancer immune responses, thanks to inducing pan-clones T cells immune responses. It is demonstrated that across-cancer immune responses among different types of cancers exist and can be induced by nanovaccines or microvaccines, which thus can prevent different types of cancers and cancer metastasis. In addition, ths study revealed that such across-cancer immune responses among different types of cancers is induced by the fact that many neoantigens are shared by different types of cancer cells.