Multi-scale ecosystem service datasets for Southern Hilly Region of China (1990–2024)

This dataset provides spatially explicit, multi-scale ecosystem service maps for Southern Hilly Region of China, covering the period from 1990 to 2024 at 5-year intervals. Five key ecosystem services are included: water yield, nutrient delivery ratio, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality. All ecosystem services were quantified using established ecosystem service models and harmonized spatial input datasets. The data are provided at three spatial scales (regional, watershed, and sub-watershed) with a spatial resolution of 30 m, enabling analyses of spatio-temporal dynamics and scale effects. Due to the large data volume, the full-resolution raster datasets are distributed across multiple compressed archives, each corresponding to a specific ecosystem service and spatial scale. Vector boundary files, detailed metadata, and model descriptions are included to facilitate reuse and interpretation. This dataset is intended to support studies on ecosystem service assessment, spatial heterogeneity, scale effects, and environmental management in hilly regions.