Population asynchrony within and between trophic levels have contrasting effects on consumer community stability in a subtropical lake

1.  Clarifying the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem stability in the context of global environmental change is crucial for maintaining ecosystem functions and services. Asynchronous changes between trophic levels over time (i.e., trophic community asynchrony) are expected to increase trophic mismatch and alter trophic interactions, which may consequently alter ecosystem stability. However, previous studies have often highlighted the stabilising mechanism of population asynchrony within a single trophic level, while rarely examining the mechanism of trophic community asynchrony between consumers and their food resources.
2.  In this study, we analysed the effects of population asynchrony within and between trophic levels on community stability under the disturbances of climate warming, fishery decline, and de-eutrophication, based on an 18-year monthly monitoring dataset of 137 phytoplankton and 91 zooplankton in a subtropical lake.
3.  Our results showed that species diversity promo..., Study sites
Lake Donghu (30°31′–30°36′ N, 114°21′–114°28′ E) is a subtropical shallow lake in the Yangtze River basin in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Lake Donghu contains more than 10 connected sub-lakes, with a total surface area of approximately 33 km2 and a catchment area of approximately 187 km2. The mean depth of Lake Donghu is 2.21 m.
Data obtained
An 18-year monthly dataset for Lake Donghu from 2003 to 2020 was gathered from the Donghu Experimental Station, which belongs to the framework of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN). Lake Guozhenghu (11.37 km2) and Lake Tanglinhu (5.78 km2) are the first and second largest sub-lakes of Lake Donghu. Stations I and II are located in the coastal and pelagic zones of Lake Guozhenghu, respectively, and Station III is located in the pelagic zone of Lake Tanglinhu. Monthly surveys (in the order of Station III, Station II, and Station I) were conducted on sunny days on approximately the 15th to reduce the potential impacts of the wea..., , # Population asynchrony within and between trophic levels have contrasting effects on consumer community stability in a subtropical lake

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w3r228118](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w3r228118)

## Description of the data and file structure

We have submitted our raw data (**the_data_used_in_the_manuscript.xlsx**).

**the_data_used_in_the_manuscript**

Station: Name of stations in the Lake Donghu during investigation, including Station I, Station II, and Station III.

Start_year&month: the start year&month of the one-year the moving window.

End_year&month: the end year&month of the one-year the moving window.

Water_temperature: the average water temperature (℃) in the moving window.

Fish_yield: the average fish yield (kg/ha) in the moving window.

Total_nitrogen: the average concentration of total nitrogen (TN, mg/L) in the moving window.

Total_phosphorus: the average concentration of total phosphorus (TP, mg/L) in the moving window.

Phyt...