Null, base, stimulus, experience, landscape, and full models created using forward-stepwise model building.

We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model the probability of flight by adult Ferruginous Hawks from the nest when approached by an investigator. AIC indicates Akaike's Information Criterion Score [57] used to select for covariates that best fit our data. hij (t) is the relative hazard at distance from the nest (d) given the value of x for the jth nest approach in the ith nesting attempt (the random effect). αi parameterizes the latent variation between nesting attempts.