S1 Fig. Flow diagram of analyses.

Flow diagram of analyses. aSensitivity analysis was conducted in this population using multiple imputation to account for missing data on the exposure and covariates or removing low-eGFR participations. S2 Fig. Correlation matrix of kidney function markers. Hexbin plot of the relation between eGFRcr, eGFRcys, and eGFRdiff at baseline. (A) Correlation between eGFRcr and eGFRcys. (B) Correlation between eGFRcr and eGFRdiff. (C) Correlation between eGFRcys and eGFRdiff. S3 Fig. Survival curves and proportional hazards assessment. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves using time-scale and scatter plot of the scaled Schoenfeld residuals for eGFRdiff and all cause dementia(A), Alzheimer’s disease(B) and vascular dementia(C). S4 Fig. Nonlinear dose-response relationships. Dose-response relationship between eGFRratio (A to C) and All cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, or Vascular dementia. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore nonlinear associations, with three knots fixed at the quartiles for all smooth curves. Green line representing 95% Confidence interval. The HR was derived using Cox proportional hazard regression. Model were adjusted for eGFRcr_cys, Cho, LDL, education, smoking, drinking, physical activities, Townsend deprivation index (TDI), social isolate, hearing, eyesight, diabetes, hypertension, depression, and obesity. S5 Fig. Sensitivity analyses of eGFR measures. Associations between eGFRdiff or eGFRratio(z-score) and incident dementia. (A) Model 1 were adjusted for Cho, LDL, education, smoking, drinking, physical activities, Townsend deprivation index (TDI), social isolate, hearing, eyesight, diabetes, hypertension, depression, and obesity. (B) Model 2 were further adjusted for eGFRcr_cys. S6 Fig. Risk stratification by optimal eGFRdiff cut-off. Kaplan–Meier curves for incident all-cause dementia according to high- and low-risk groups defined by the optimal cut-off value of eGFRdiff (−8.813) derived from maximally selected rank statistics. S7 Fig. Incremental predictive value of eGFRdiff. Time-dependent ROC curves comparing discrimination performance of UKBDRS alone versus UKBDRS combined with eGFRdiff at 5, 10, and 15 years of follow-up. S1 Table. Association between eGFRdiff and dementia after multiple imputation. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for categorical and continuous eGFRdiff with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia following multiple imputation of missing covariates. S2 Table. Association between eGFRdiff and dementia excluding low eGFR participants. Sensitivity analysis showing hazard ratios for eGFRdiff and dementia outcomes after excluding participants with eGFR (ZIP)