Pioglitazone Reduces Hepatic Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Accumulation Through Autophagy and AMPK Activation in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficient Mice.

Supplementary Figure 1. Hepatic levels of inflammation, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, or malate in Pi*Z mice treated with Pioglitazone. (A) Hematoxylin & eosin-stained liver sections (40X images) from Pi*Z mice, comparing control and pioglitazone-treated mice. Insets show higher-magnification views highlighting inflammatory foci. (B) quantification of the percentage of liver area infiltrated by inflammatory cells; bars represent mean {plus minus} SED (n = 4 per group). (C) Tissue concentrations of citrate, (D) a-ketoglutarate, (E) and malate in control and pioglitazone-treated mouse livers. Data are presented as mean {plus minus} SD; n = 5 mice per group.