Urinary glycoproteomics: opening a new window for disease diagnosis

Urine, as a biological sample that can be collected repeatedly and non-invasively, reflects various physiological and pathological changes within the body and has emerged as a significant source for the study of disease biomarkers. Glycosylation modification plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein function. Therefore, the glycosylation modification of urinary proteins has great potential as a disease diagnostic biomarker and opens up a new window for disease diagnosis. In recent years, although the research on urinary glycoproteomics has received extensive attention, there is a lack of comprehensive summary, inductive analysis of previous related studies and discussion of glycoproteins with clinical translation value. Based on this, this paper reviews the latest research progress of urinary glycoproteomics, covering the latest analytical methods and strategies as well as clinical applications, discusses the potential value of urinary glycoproteins as new biomarkers for various diseases, emphasizes its importance and proposes possible solutions to the application problems in order to promote the clinical application and transformation of urinary glycoproteomics.