Comparing Wild American Grapes with Vitis vinifera: A Metabolomics Study of Grape Composition

We analyzed via untargeted UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS
the metabolome of
the berry tissues (skin, pulp, seeds) of some American Vitis species (Vitis cinerea, Vitis californica, Vitis arizonica), together with four interspecific hybrids, and seven Vitis vinifera cultivars, aiming to find differences
in the metabolomes of the American Vitis sp. versus Vitis vinifera. Apart from the known differences, that is,
more complex content of anthocyanins and stilbenoids in the American
grapes, we observed higher procyanidin accumulation (tens to hundreds
of times) in the vinifera skin and seeds in comparison
to American berries, and we confirmed this result via phloroglucinolysis.
In the American grapes considered, we did not detect the accumulation
of pleasing aroma precursors (terpenoids, glycosides), whereas they
are common in vinifera grapes. We also found accumulation
of hydrolyzable tannins and their precursors in the skin of the wild
American grapes, which has never been reported earlier in any of the
species under investigation. Such information is needed to improve
the design of new breeding programs, lowering the risk of retaining
undesirable characteristics in the chemical phenotype of the offspring.