Solar dataset for "Weak-Form Physics-Informed Learning for Noise-Limited Scientific Image Dynamics"

Companion data for the paper "Weak-Form Physics-Informed Learning for Noise-Limited Scientific Image Dynamics." The paper combines two domains: solar flare forecasting on SDO/HMI magnetograms (this deposit) and a cross-domain validation on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) microscopy (separate sources; see related identifiers). This Zenodo record holds the solar dataset only. The solar dataset packages SDO/HMI SHARP CEA vector magnetograms (Bx, By, Bz at 128 × 128 px) into a forecasting-ready format. Magnetograms are downsampled from the native 12-minute cadence to 1-hour cadence and grouped into 50 per-HARP .tar.gz archives. Each forecasting window uses 48 hours of lookback (49 frames) and carries the maximum GOES flare class observed within +6, +12, and +24 hours of issuance. Three metadata parquets accompany the imagery: 16 scalar SHARP predictors per window, the flare catalog drawn from HEK, and the HARP–NOAA mapping used to attach each window to its parent active region. The chronological split spans Solar Cycle 24: Train: Jan 2011 – Aug 2015, N = 28,405 Validation: Aug – Dec 2015, N = 1,905 Test: Dec 2015 – Dec 2017, N = 5,716 Train and test share no HARPs — any given active region appears in only one of the two. Censoring rules (limb cutoffs, ongoing-flare exclusion, observation-coverage thresholds) and HARP–NOAA–GOES matching are documented in LABELS.md. Cross-domain validation (FRAP). The paper's second panel evaluates the weak-form vs strong-form comparison on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) microscopy data, a different PDE (linear diffusion) and a different observational noise model (Poisson photon noise + PSF + bleaching). The FRAP source data is the DeepFRAP dataset (Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.3874218); not re-hosted here. Analysis code is released alongside the solar codebase in frap/. Code, training configs, and evaluation scripts for both panels: https://github.com/arnavgarg233/WeakPINN Released under CC-BY-4.0. The underlying SDO/HMI observations are produced by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory and the HMI science team at Stanford.