Clinical characteristics of the subjects.

Data are expressed as means ± SD or percentage unless otherwise indicated.CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; ACEi/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TB, total bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; FRS, Framingham Risk score; PWV, pulse wave velocityameasured in 1292 subjects (613 men and 679 women), bmeasured in 1419 (677 men and 742 women), cNephropathy was defined as the presence of micro-or macroalbuminuria, dThe eGFR was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equationClinical characteristics of the subjects.