Supplementary Material for: Influences of the interactions of genetic variations of seven core circadian clock genes with lifestyle factors on metabolic parameters

Introduction: In mammals, circadian rhythms regulate many behavioral and physiological processes. Genetic and epidemiological studies have shown that dysregulation of the circadian rhythm induces chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We aimed to know the interactions of genetic variations of seven core circadian clock genes with lifestyle factors on the determination of metabolic parameters. Methods: We have analyzed the impacts of genotype of seven core circadian clock genes (i.e., CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) and lifestyle factors (i.e., physical activity and sleep duration) in 575 Japanese males on the determination of metabolic parameters (i.e., BMI, glucose, HbA1c, LDL-C and HDL-C). Results: We have detected the associations between genotypes of PER3 and serum HbA1c level, and genotypes of CRY1 and serum LDL-C level. Additionally, the interactions of the genotypes of PER1 and PER3 with physical activity for determining BMI, the genotypes of CLOCK with physical activity for determining serum HbA1c levels, was observed. Furthermore, for determining of serum HDL-C levels, the interactions of the genotypes of CRY2 with physical activity or sleep duration was observed. Discussion/Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the interactions of genotypes for core circadian clock genes and lifestyle factors (i.e., physical activity and sleep duration) are important for determining of metabolic parameters.