Commonalities and differences in the Cryptococcus neoformans response to ingestion by protozoal and mammalian phagocytic cells suggests host cell metabolism as a target for intracellular survival

In this study, we report the successful isolation of cryptococcal phagosomes from murine and human phagocytes, followed by their characterization using proteomic and transcriptional analysis. Comparison of cryptococcal proteins from Acanthamoeba castellanii, Mus musculus, and Homo sapiens phagocytes revealed the existence of a shared set suggesting a conserved fungal response to ingestion by phagocytic cells. Given that the cryptococcal intracellular pathogenic strategy is ancient, dating to at least to the cretaceous epoch, these results are consistent with the notion that the fungal response to ingestion reflects the result of selection pressures by environmental ameboid predators over eons of evolutionary time. We propose the existence of a conserved cryptococcal toolkit for intracellular survival that includes metabolic enzymes. We propose that host cell metabolic disruption provides a common strategy for the cryptococcal survival after ingestion by phylogenetically distant phagocytic hosts.