De-identified survey data used in our analysis.

Tropical forest risk commodities including palm oil contribute to deforestation and biodiversity decline, making them a major focus of the international conservation community. Many in this community rely on scientific evidence to inform conservation decision-making, but the extent to which synthesized evidence influences perceptions across the diverse set of individuals that comprise the global conservation community remains unclear. We surveyed 470 conservation professionals living in 90 countries regarding their perceptions of palm oil, and evaluated the influence of reading a synthesis report on oil palm and biodiversity on these perceptions. We found that respondent perceptions of palm oil’s impacts on the environment tended to align with scientific evidence, with high agreement among respondents. We found less agreement regarding the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation interventions in the palm oil sector. Respondents often evaluated interventions whose effectiveness had not yet been assessed in the scientific literature. Reading the full synthesis report led to significantly less negative perceptions of palm oil production’s impacts on biodiversity and tropical rainforests but did not change perceptions of conservation intervention effectiveness. Given the substantial effort involved in developing synthesis reports about conservation, long-term studies exploring how these publications influence perceptions, knowledge, discourse, conservation decision-making, and conservation outcomes are needed.