Impacts of Social Proximity to Bias Crime Among Compact of Free Association (COFA)-Migrants in Hawaii, 2017-2018

This study utilized respondent-driven sampling (RDS) among Compact of Free Association (COFA)-migrants in Hawaii to explore the harms of bias crimes on migrant communities. To examine the impacts of bias crimes on communities, the investigators examined the diffusion of negative psychological impacts, community impacts, and perceptions of safety for those who had been direct victims, those in the COFA-migrant community who are close to someone who has been a victim (proximal victim) but are not direct victims, and those who are members of the community but have not been a direct victim or know someone close to them who was a direct victim. This study also examined the how negative impacts of bias crime ultimately impact the adaption of COFA-migrants who have immigrated in the attempt to build new lives in Hawaii.