Descriptive statistics for male traits used.

Descriptive statistics for male traits considered in the experiment, including means and their standard deviations (in parentheses) for the first and the second male, and the means of the differences and their ranges between the two competitor males (see ‘Statistical analyses’ section for details). (a) and (b) refer to the precopulatory success (n = 41 pairs, n = 82 males in total); (c) and (d) refer to the paternity share (n = 20 pairs, n = 40 males).