Are SPADI score, age, level of education, and gender predictive of self-efficacy in patients with shoulder pain?

ABSTRACT Factors such as schooling level, age and gender are associated with a more intense pain and a higher level of dysfunction in the shoulder and self-efficacy can modify the effect that pain and dysfunction have on patients’ clinical outcomes. Our study investigated if the score on the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), age, schooling level and gender are predictive of self-efficacy in patients with shoulder pain. It also verified if there are differences in levels of pain and disability between age groups and genders. Sociodemographic data and scores from the SPADI and the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale (CPSS) from a database of patients treated at a public physical therapy clinic specialized in shoulder were analyzed. In total, 123 patients with a mean age of 54 (±11.54), SPADI of 67.56 (±22.54) and CPSS of 182.22 (±61.76) were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis showed SPADI as the only predictive factor of self-efficacy (β=-1.39 [95%CI=-1.84 to -0.93], p