DIETARY MODIFICATION AND ADEQUATE HYDRATION IN THE PREVENTION OF RECURRENT KIDNEY STONES

Recurrent kidney stones require preventive care that addresses modifiable dietary and fluid-related factors. This article aims to evaluate the role of dietary modification and adequate hydration in reducing recurrence in adults. A narrative review of international guidelines, randomized trials, and observational studies was conducted. The analysis distinguished clinical recurrence from changes in urinary biochemical risk factors. Increased water intake reduced recurrence in a five-year randomized trial, while a normal-calcium diet combined with lower salt and animal protein intake performed better than a low-calcium diet in men with hypercalciuria. Additional evidence supports sodium reduction and an overall balanced dietary pattern. However, observational associations and short-term biochemical improvements do not establish the same level of evidence as clinical recurrence trials. Prevention should therefore combine an achievable fluid plan with dietary advice tailored to stone composition, metabolic findings, and comorbidities. These measures form a practical foundation for long-term management, with further treatment guided by individual risk.