Long-term high-grain diet altered the ruminal pH, fermentation, and epithelial transcriptomes, leading to restored oxidative phosphorylation in Japanese Black cattle. Long-term high-grain diet altered the ruminal pH, fermentation, and epithelial transcriptomes, leading to restored oxidative phosphorylation in Japanese Black cattle

We explored the effect of long-term high-concentrate diet feeding on ruminal pH and fermentation, and its effect on the rumen epithelial transcriptomes in Japanese Black beef cattle during a 20-month fattening period. Overall design: The fattening stages included Early, Middle, and Late stages (10–14, 15–22, and 23–30 months of age, respectively), and the cattle were fed concentrate and roughage diets during the fattening stages.