Role of 14-3-3zeta in the modulation ofmodulation in Nilaparvata lugens(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)

14-3-3zeta is a highly conserved phosphoserine-binding protein in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). By forming homo- or heterodimers to mediate intracellular signal transduction, it plays a central role in modulating key physiological processes. Drawing on functional insights from homologous insect genes, this protein is hypothesized to participate in the immune response of N. lugens by interacting with downstream target proteins to defend against pathogen invasion. Additionally, it regulates growth and development-related signaling pathways, influencing energy metabolism and cell survival, which are critical for the normal growth of the brown planthopper. Furthermore, 14-3-3zeta may be involved in reproductive regulation by mediating hormone or insulin signaling pathways, thereby indirectly affecting ovulation and reproductive efficiency. The regulatory function of 14-3-3zeta relies on specific binding to its target proteins, and its abnormal expression can disrupt the physiological homeostasis of N. lugens. These findings highlight the potential of 14-3-3zeta as a molecular target for the development of novel control strategies against this important agricultural pest.