Black and orange coloration predict success during male-male competition in the guppy

Investigating how both intrasexual competition and intersexual mate choice act within a single system is crucial to understanding the maintenance and diversity of sexually-dimorphic traits. These two processes can act in concert by selecting for the same trait, or in opposition by selecting for different extremes of the same trait; they can also act on different traits, potentially increasing overall trait complexity. We asked whether male-male competition and female mate choice act on the same male traits using Trinidadian guppies, which exhibit complex male-limited color patterns and sexual size dimorphism. We used behavioral assays to assess the relationship between color and male competitive success and then compared our results to the plethora of data on female choice and male color in our study population. We found that males initiated more contests if they were larger than their competitor. Males won contests more often if they had more black coloration than their competitor, and...