Data_Sheet_1_Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Differential Regulatory Mechanisms of Compound Material on the Responses of Brassica campestris to Saline and Alkaline Stresses.docx

Oilseed rape not only has the function of improve saline and alkaline soils, but also alleviate the local feed shortage. However, medium- and high-degree soil salinization and alkalinization always inhibit the growth of oilseed rape. Studies have shown that compound material can improve the tolerance to saline and alkaline stress of crops, but the difference in the regulation mechanism of compound material on oilseed rape in saline and alkaline soils is not clear. This study explored the difference through determining the leaf ion contents, physiological indexes, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of oilseed rape in salinized soil (NaCl 8 g kg−1) and alkalinized soil (Na2CO3 8 g kg−1) at full flowering stage, respectively after the application of compound material. The results showed that in salinized and alkalinized soil, the compound material upregulated the genes related to the regulation of potassium ion transport, and changed the amino acid metabolic pathway, which reduced the contents of Na+, malondialdehyde (MDA), and relative conductivity (REC) in leaves, and increased the contents of K+ and Mg2+ and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). However, there were differences in the regulation mechanism of compound material in salinized and alkalinized soil. In salinized soil, the compound material improved the tolerance of oilseed rape to saline stress by upregulating transcription factors mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GPMM) and Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (GFPT) and downregulating phosphomannomutase (PMM) to change nucleotide metabolism pathway and lipid metabolism pathway. In alkalized soil, the compound material improved the tolerance of oilseed rape to alkaline stress by upregulating transcription factors Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) to change the biosynthesis pathway of other secondary metabolites. Therefore, the compound material can improve the tolerance of oilseed rape to saline and alkaline stress by regulating the genetic adaptability and apparent plasticity, but the mechanisms were different. This study provides a practical method for the ecological environment restoration and the development of animal husbandry.

油菜籽不仅具备改良盐碱土壤的功能，同时亦能缓解当地的饲料短缺问题。然而，中高程度的土壤盐碱化常常抑制油菜籽的生长。研究表明，复合材料能够提升作物对盐碱胁迫的耐受性，但对于复合材料在盐碱土壤中对油菜籽调节机制的差异尚不明确。本研究通过确定盐碱土壤（NaCl 8 g·kg−1）和碱化土壤（Na2CO3 8 g·kg−1）在油菜籽盛花期施用复合材料后的叶片离子含量、生理指标、转录组学和代谢组学，分别探索了这一差异。结果显示，在盐碱土壤和碱化土壤中，复合材料上调了与钾离子运输调节相关的基因，并改变了氨基酸代谢途径，从而降低了叶片中Na+、丙二醛（MDA）和相对电导率（REC）的含量，并提高了K+和Mg2+的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。然而，复合材料在盐碱土壤和碱化土壤中的调节机制存在差异。在盐碱土壤中，复合材料通过上调转录因子甘露-1-磷酸基转移酶（GPMM）和谷氨酰胺-果糖-6-磷酸转氨酶（GFPT）以及下调磷酸甘露糖异构酶（PMM）来改变核苷酸代谢途径和脂质代谢途径，从而提高油菜籽对盐胁迫的耐受性。在碱化土壤中，复合材料通过上调转录因子苯丙氨酸氨解酶（PAL）来改变其他次生代谢物的生物合成途径，从而提高油菜籽对碱胁迫的耐受性。因此，复合材料能够通过调节遗传适应性和显性可塑性来提升油菜籽对盐碱胁迫的耐受性，但其作用机制各异。本研究为生态环境的恢复和畜牧业的发展提供了实际的方法。