Original data for “Rill network characteristics on shallow landslide scars under erosive and extreme rainfall: morphology, spatial distribution, fragmentation, and controls on the Loess Plateau, China”

The data presented here constitute the primary source data used to generate the main figures in the Results section of this study (Figs. 5–14), which examine rill network morphology, spatial distribution, density, fragmentation, and their controlling factors on shallow landslide scars in the Tableland and Gully Region of the Loess Plateau under erosive and extreme rainfall events. The dataset includes rill cross-sectional morphology (width, depth, and width–depth ratio), rill network characteristics (density, fragmentation, mean inter-rill distance, inclination angle, and fractal dimension), and associated variables describing landslide features, upslope catchment geomorphology and topography, soil properties, and vegetation characteristics. These data underpin the analyses presented in the figures, including distribution patterns, slope-wise variations, correlation analysis, fitted relationships, redundancy analysis, and path analysis. The data were obtained through field investigations, UAV surveys, and laboratory measurements. They provide a quantitative basis for evaluating rill network development and its controls, and can be used to reproduce the figures, validate the results, or support further comparative and modeling studies in similar environments.