HiWATER: Dataset of hydrometeorological observation network (an observation system of meteorological elements gradient of Daman superstation, 2015)

This data set contains the data of meteorological element gradient observation system of the middle reaches of heihe hydrometeorological observation network from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015.The station is located in the farmland of daman irrigation district of zhangye city, gansu province.The longitude and latitude of the observation point are 100.3722e, 38.8555n and 1556m above sea level.The wind speed/direction, air temperature and relative humidity sensors are located at 3m, 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 30m and 40m respectively, with a total of 7 layers, facing due north.The barometer is installed at 2m;The tilting bucket rain gauge was installed at about 8m on the west side of the tower, with a height of 2.5m;The four-component radiometer is installed at 12m, facing due south;Two infrared thermometers are installed at 12m, facing due south and the probe facing vertically downward.Soil heat flow plate (self-calibration formal) (3 pieces) were buried in the ground 6cm in turn, 2m away from the tower body due south, two of which (Gs_2 and Gs_3) were buried between the trees, and one (Gs_1) was buried under the plants.The mean soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried 2cm and 4cm underground, facing due south and 2m away from the tower body.The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm of the surface and 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm underground, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower.The soil water sensor is buried 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm underground, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower.The photosynthetic effective radiometer is installed at 12m with the probe facing vertically upward.Four other photosynthetically active radiometers were installed above and inside the canopy, 12m above the canopy (one probe vertically up and one probe vertically down), and 0.3m above the canopy (one probe vertically up and one probe vertically down), facing due south.The observation items are: wind speed (WS_3m, WS_5m, WS_10m, WS_15m, WS_20m, WS_30m, WS_40m) (unit: m/s), wind direction (WD_3m, WD_5m, WD_10m, WD_15m, WD_20m, WD_30m, WD_40m) (unit:Air temperature and humidity (Ta_3m, Ta_5m, Ta_10m, Ta_15m, Ta_20m, Ta_30m, Ta_40m and RH_3m, RH_5m, RH_10m, RH_15m, RH_20m, RH_30m, RH_40m) (unit: Celsius, percentage), air pressure (Press) (unit: hpa), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit:Watts/m2), surface radiant temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: Celsius), average soil temperature (TCAV) (unit: Celsius), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watts/m2), soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) (unit:Soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm)Mmol/m s) and the upward and downward photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR_D_up, PAR_D_down) under the canopy (in mmol/m s).Processing and quality control of observed data :(1) ensure 144 pieces of data every day (every 10min), and mark by -6999 in case of data missing;The wind speed and direction of 3m and 5m were missing due to sensor problems between November 16 and November 25, 2015;(2) excluding the time with duplicate records;(3) data that obviously exceeds the physical significance or the range of the instrument is deleted;(4) the part marked with red letter in the data is the data in question;(5) date and time have the same format, and date and time are in the same column.For example, the time is: June 10, 2015, 10:30;(6) the naming rule is: AWS+ site name.For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).

本数据集汇聚了黑河水文气象观测网络中游区域气象要素梯度观测系统自2015年1月1日至2015年12月31日期间的观测数据。观测站点位于甘肃省张掖市大满灌溉区农田，其地理坐标为东经100.3722度、北纬38.8555度，海拔高度1556米。风速/风向、气温和相对湿度传感器分别设置于3米、5米、10米、15米、20米、30米及40米等7个不同高度，均朝正北方向；气压计则置于2米高度。倾斜式雨量计位于塔楼西侧约8米处，高度为2.5米；四通道辐射计位于12米高度，朝向正南；两台红外温度计亦置于12米高度，朝向正南且探头垂直向下。土壤热通量板（自校准型）（共3块）依次埋设于地面，距离塔楼南侧2米，其中两块（Gs_2和Gs_3）位于树木之间，另一块（Gs_1）则埋于植物之下。平均土壤温度传感器TCAV埋设于地下2厘米和4厘米处，朝向正南，距离塔楼南侧2米。土壤温度探头则埋设于地表0厘米及地下2厘米、4厘米、10厘米、20厘米、40厘米、80厘米、120厘米和160厘米处，位于气象塔南侧2米。土壤水分传感器埋设于地下2厘米、4厘米、10厘米、20厘米、40厘米、80厘米、120厘米和160厘米处，位于气象塔南侧2米。光合有效辐射计置于12米高度，探头垂直向上。其他四台光合有效辐射计则安装在冠层上方及内部，分别位于冠层上方12米处（一探头垂直向上，一探头垂直向下），以及冠层上方0.3米处（一探头垂直向上，一探头垂直向下），均朝向正南。观测项目包括风速（WS_3m, WS_5m, WS_10m, WS_15m, WS_20m, WS_30m, WS_40m）（单位：米/秒）、风向（WD_3m, WD_5m, WD_10m, WD_15m, WD_20m, WD_30m, WD_40m）（单位：空气温度和湿度（Ta_3m, Ta_5m, Ta_10m, Ta_15m, Ta_20m, Ta_30m, Ta_40m和RH_3m, RH_5m, RH_10m, RH_15m, RH_20m, RH_30m, RH_40m）（单位：摄氏度，百分比）、气压（Press）（单位：百帕）、降水量（Rain）（单位：毫米）、四分量辐射（DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn）（单位：瓦特/平方米）、地表辐射温度（IRT_1, IRT_2）（单位：摄氏度）、平均土壤温度（TCAV）（单位：摄氏度）、土壤热流（Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3）（单位：瓦特/平方米）、土壤水分（Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm）（单位：摩尔/米秒）以及冠层下向上和向下的光合有效辐射（PAR_D_up, PAR_D_down）（单位：摩尔/米秒）。观测数据的处理与质量控制包括：（1）确保每日有144条数据（每10分钟一次），数据缺失时以-6999标记；由于传感器故障，2015年11月16日至11月25日期间3米和5米的风速和风向数据缺失；（2）排除重复记录的时间；（3）删除明显超出物理意义或仪器测量范围的异常数据；（4）数据中标注为红色字体部分为存疑数据；（5）日期和时间格式一致，且位于同一列；例如，时间为：2015年6月10日，10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。有关水文气象网络或站点的详细信息，请参阅Liu等（2018）的研究，观测数据处理的相关信息，请参考Liu等（2011）的研究。