Experimental environment configuration.

With the development of society, modern design elements are increasingly integrated into traditional garden design, forming a novel style fusion that improves both aesthetics and the sustainability of the social-ecological system. This study explores the application of style transfer algorithms to seamlessly integrate the aesthetics of traditional landscape paintings with virtual scenes of classical private gardens. The effectiveness of the method is verified through a series of experiments using virtual scenes of the Humble Administrator’s Garden and various landscape paintings representing different artistic styles. The experimental results demonstrate that the style transfer technique can accurately replicate the aesthetic features of traditional paintings and integrate them into the virtual garden environment. This approach highlights the potential of combining cultural heritage with advanced technological methods, indicating that the technology has great potential to innovate garden design by promoting the synergy between cultural heritage and technological innovation. By promoting the integration of traditional aesthetics and modern design principles, we contribute to the sustainability and richness of the social-ecological system and provide a framework for future digital preservation and restoration applications of urban cultural heritage. The code for implementing TRD-Net is available at https://github.com/huangbei029/Hybrid-Garden-StyleNet-dd/tree/main.