Insights into the physical and functional properties of human blood cells and breast cancer cells modified by chlo-rine-containing derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcone - data

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<span lang="EN-US">Chlorine-substituted
2’-hydroxychalcones exhibit significant antimicrobial and antiproliferative
properties, particularly against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This
study aimed to evaluate their effects on normal circulatory system cells, including
erythrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), platelets, and human microvascular
endothelial cells (HMEC-1). The chloro-chalcones did not induce hemolysis but
caused morphological alterations in erythrocytes. They exhibited minimal cytotoxicity
toward PBMCs at concentrations substantially exceeding their half-maximal inhibitory
concentrations for breast cancer cells and demonstrated significantly lower toxicity
toward HMEC-1 cells. Furthermore, the compounds had negligible effects on
platelet mitochondrial activity, but markedly inhibited collagen-induced
platelet aggregation. Their anti-proliferative properties were associated with
the induction of apoptosis and mitophagy, primarily through mitochondrial
depolarization and oxidative stress modulation. However, they did not affect
cell cycle progression. The specific mechanism of anti-proliferative action
varied depending on the position of the chlorine substitution, influencing
either apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction or mitophagy-mediated
degradation of impaired mitochondria. These findings underscore the selective
activity of chloro-chalcones, effectively targeting malignant cells while
sparing normal circulatory cells. Their capacity to disrupt cancer cell
metabolism with minimal toxicity to circulatory cells highlights their
potential as promising candidates for anticancer therapy, warranting further
investigation.</span></p>