Virion Assembly and Release
收藏reactome.org2025-01-21 收录
下载链接:
https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-9694322
下载链接
链接失效反馈官方服务:
资源简介:
This COVID-19 pathway has been created by a combination of computational inference from SARS-CoV-1 data (https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.<br><br>The structures of complete SARS-CoV-2 virions, as well as their assembly stages, have been elucidated in great detail by cryo-electron microscopy methods. In particular, the Spike trimer is localized to ERGIC or Golgi compartments upon coexpression of E or M, which prevents syncytia formation (Boson et al, 2020). It is then transported via small transport vesicles to assembly sites (Klein et al, 2020; Mendonça et al, 2021; reviewed by Hardenbrook and Zhang, 2021).
Based on work done in related coronaviruses, viral assembly is expected to occur at the ERGIC membrane (reviewed in Masters, 2006; Fehr and Perlman, 2015; Fung and Liu, 2019). Membrane protein components of the virus concentrate at the ERGIC membrane but are also found throughout the secretory system including at the plasma membrane. Accumulation at the site of viral assembly has been shown to depend on interaction between retrieval signals in the cytoplasmic tails of viral proteins and host factors such as the COPI coat, and likely involves repeated rounds of anterograde and retrograde traffic (McBride et al, 2007; Ujike et al, 2016; Tan et al, 2004; Tan et al, 2005; reviewed in McBride and Fielding, 2012; Chang et al, 2014).<br>Viral assembly is initiated by homotypic interactions of M protein (Tseng et al, 2010; Siu et al, 2008). This forms an M-lattice that contributes to the induction of membrane curvature and additionally acts as a scaffold for the recruitment of the other structural components of the virus (Voss et al, 2009). M protein makes interactions with each of the main components of the mature virus, including E, S and N (He et al, 2004; Luo et al, 2006; Siu et al, 2008; reviewed in Masters, 2006). Electron micrographic studies suggest the final size of the mature virus is ~100 nm. The ribonuclear particle is predominantly helical and is packaged with an outer diamter of ~ 16 nm (Neuman et al, 2006; Neuman et al, 2011; reviewed in Chang et al, 2014). These physical constraints suggest a final stoichiometry in the mature virion of 75 S trimers:1200 M proteins:300 N:1 RNA genome (Neuman et al, 2011; reviewed in Chang et al, 2014). Minor amounts of other viral proteins, including proteins E, 3a and 7a may also be components of the mature virus, although their functions are not well established (reviewed in Schoeman and Fielding, 2019; Liu et al, 2014).
本COVID-19途径系通过结合对SARS-CoV-1数据的计算推理(https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events)以及人工编纂而成,如SARS-CoV-2感染途径总体概述中所述。<br><br>SARS-CoV-2病毒颗粒的完整结构及其组装阶段,均已通过冷冻电子显微镜技术进行了详尽的阐释。特别是,S蛋白三聚体在E或M蛋白共表达时定位于ERGIC或高尔基体区室,从而阻止了合胞体的形成(Boson等,2020年)。随后,它通过小型运输囊泡被运输至组装位点(Klein等,2020年;Mendonça等,2021年;Hardenbrook和Zhang,2021年综述)。<br>基于相关冠状病毒的研究成果,病毒组装预计将在ERGIC膜上发生(Masters,2006年综述;Fehr和Perlman,2015年;Fung和Liu,2019年)。病毒膜蛋白成分集中于ERGIC膜,但也存在于整个分泌系统中,包括质膜。研究表明,病毒组装位点的积累依赖于病毒蛋白细胞质尾部的检索信号与宿主因子(如COPI衣壳)之间的相互作用,且可能涉及多次正向和逆向运输的循环(McBride等,2007年;Ujike等,2016年;Tan等,2004年;Tan等,2005年;McBride和Fielding,2012年综述;Chang等,2014年)。<br>病毒组装由M蛋白的同源相互作用启动(Tseng等,2010年;Siu等,2008年)。这形成了一个M晶格,有助于诱导膜曲率,并充当病毒其他结构成分招募的支架(Voss等,2009年)。M蛋白与成熟病毒的主要成分(包括E、S和N)相互作用(He等,2004年;Luo等,2006年;Siu等,2008年;Masters,2006年综述)。电子显微镜研究表明,成熟病毒的最后尺寸约为100纳米。核糖核颗粒主要为螺旋状,其外径约为16纳米(Neuman等,2006年;Neuman等,2011年;Chang等,2014年综述)。这些物理限制表明,成熟病毒颗粒中的最终化学计量比为75个S三聚体:1200个M蛋白:300个N蛋白:1个RNA基因组(Neuman等,2011年;Chang等,2014年综述)。少量的其他病毒蛋白,包括E蛋白、3a蛋白和7a蛋白,也可能是成熟病毒的一部分,尽管它们的功能尚不明确(Schoeman和Fielding,2019年综述;Liu等,2014年)。
提供机构:
Reactome



