Diverse pollen nutrition can improve the development of solitary bees but does not mitigate negative pesticide impacts

Floral resource loss and pesticide exposure are major threats to bees in intensively managed agroecosystems, but interactions among these drivers remain poorly understood. Altered composition and lowered diversity of pollen nutrition may reinforce negative pesticide impacts on bees. Here we investigated the development and survival of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis provisioned with three different pollen types, as well as a mixture of these types representing a higher pollen diversity. We exposed bees of each nutritional treatment to five pesticides at different concentrations in the laboratory. Two field-realistic concentrations of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulating insecticides (thiacloprid, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone), as well as of two fungicides (azoxystrobin and tebuconazole) were examined. We further measured the expression of two detoxification genes (CYP9BU1, CYP9BU2) under exposure to thiacloprid across different nutrition treatments as a potential..., , , # Data from: Diverse pollen nutrition can improve the development of solitary bees but does not mitigate negative pesticide impacts

## DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

### File List & Short Description:

* **Development_data.csv**:
Data collected for individual developing bees

* **Gene_expression_data.csv**
Data collected for analysis of gene expression levels of detoxification genes (CYP9BU1 and CYP9BU2)

## DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION

### Variable List

**SPECIFIC DATASET - Development_data.csv**

* **plate**: number of wooden plate on which the developing bee was located
* **position**: position (A-I) on the wooden plate on which the developing bee was located
* **pesticide**: pesticide to which the bee was exposed (or not exposed, if it was a control bee, see concentration.factor)
* **concentration.factor**: pesticide concentration to which the bee was exposed
(low: low concentration, high: high concentration, c: water-only-control, ac: water-acetone-control)...