Studies Assessing the Effect of Maternal HBV Sero-status on HCC, Liver Cirrhosis and Peak ALT Levels in a Systematic Review, up to 2012.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; CC, case-control study; CI, confidence interval; Co, cohort study; CS, cross-sectional study; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; N/R, not reported; OR, odds ratio; RR, risk ratio.
aWhen age range was not available, study was categorized as children (<20 years old), adults (≥20 years old) or both children and adults.
bPrevalence of exposure in cases presented in case-control design and prevalence of outcome in exposed group presented in cross-sectional and cohort study.
cPrevalence of exposure in controls presented in case-control design and prevalence of outcome in non-exposed group presented in cross-sectional and cohort study.
dOdds ratios for case-control or cross-sectional studies and risk ratios for cohort studies are presented.
eCommunication with the author confirmed that all the HCC cases were positive for HBsAg.
fWhen the measurement of maternal sero-status was performed is not known.
gMatched design without matched analysis.
hAs a contingency table contains a zero cell, 0.5 was added to each cell.
iAlthough the 95% CI does not exceed the unity, P value is <0.05 due to the small sample size.