Vital Signs: Housing Affordability - Metro (2022)

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Housing Affordability (EQ2)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Housing Affordability

LAST UPDATED
December 2022

DATA SOURCE
U.S. Census Bureau: Decennial Census - https://nhgis.org
Form STF3 – https://nhgis.org (1980-1990)
Form SF3a – https://nhgis.org (2000)

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey - https://data.census.gov/
Form B25074 (2009-2021)
Form B25095 (2009-2021)

CONTACT INFORMATION
[e-mail]

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
The share of income brackets used for different Census and American Community Survey (ACS) forms vary over time. To allow for historical comparisons, the Census Bureau merges housing expenditure brackets into three consistent bins (less than 20 percent, 20 percent to 34 percent, and more than 35 percent) that work for all years. The highest income bracket for renters in the ACS data was \$100,000 or more, while the homeowner dataset included brackets for \$100,000 to \$149,999 and \$150,000 and above. These brackets were merged together to allow for uniform comparison across tenure. While some studies use 30 percent as the affordability threshold, Vital Signs uses 35 percent as this is the closest break point using the standardized affordability brackets above.

ACS 1-year data is used for larger geographies – Bay counties and most metropolitan area counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Note that 2020 data uses the 5-year estimates because the ACS did not collect 1-year data for 2020.

Income breakdown data is only provided for one year as it is not possible to compare consistent inflation-adjusted income brackets over time given Census data limitations. For the county breakdown, Napa was missing ACS 1-Year renter data for all years except 2012 and 2013, and Marin was missing ACS 1-Year renter data for 2019 — these counties used 5-Year data for those years.

生命体征指标

住房可负担性（EQ2）

完整指标名称

住房可负担性

最后更新时间

2022年12月

数据来源

美国人口普查局：十年人口普查 - https://nhgis.org

STF3表格 – https://nhgis.org（1980-1990）

SF3a表格 – https://nhgis.org（2000）

美国人口普查局：美国社区调查 - https://data.census.gov/

B25074表格（2009-2021）

B25095表格（2009-2021）

联系方式

[e-mail]

方法论说明（适用于该指标的所有数据集）

不同年份的美国人口普查和美国社区调查（ACS）表格所使用的收入区间份额有所变化。为了实现历史比较，美国人口普查局将住房支出区间合并为三个一致的类别（低于20%，20%至34%，以及高于35%），这些类别适用于所有年份。ACS数据中租户的最高收入区间为10万美元或以上，而业主数据集包括10万美元至14.9999万美元和15万美元以上的区间。这些区间被合并在一起，以便在租赁和拥有住房之间进行统一比较。虽然一些研究使用30%作为可负担性阈值，但生命体征指标采用35%作为这一阈值，因为这是最接近上述标准化可负担性区间的分界点。

用于较大地理区域的ACS 1年数据，例如海湾县和大多数大都市区县，而较小地理区域由于样本量较小，依赖于5年滚动平均数据。请注意，2020年的数据使用5年估计值，因为ACS没有收集2020年的1年数据。

由于人口普查数据的限制，无法比较一致的通货膨胀调整后的收入区间。对于县别分解，纳帕县除了2012年和2013年外，所有年份都缺少ACS 1年租户数据，而马林县在2019年缺少ACS 1年租户数据，这些县在这些年份使用了5年数据。