Comparison between ethylene signaling regulated transcriptome with glucose-TOR or glucose-HXK1 regulated transcriptome

There are two principal mechanisms underlie sugar perception and signal transduction in biological systems. Direct sensing and signaling is triggered by sugar direct binding sensors such as Hexokiase 1 (HXK1) with a broad range of affinity and specificity, and indirect sensing signaling via a variety of energy and metabolite sensor, such as Target of Rapamycin (TOR). To investigate the intertwined interaction between glucose and plant hormones ethylene, the transcriptome regulated by ethylene, glucose-TOR, and glucose-HXK1 were analyzed and compared. Our results unexpectedly revealed a deep antagonistic interaction between glucose-TOR-energy signaling and the plant stress hormone ethylene. Overall design: For ethylene related mRNA-seq, 4-day-old Col-0 seedlings were treated with 10 µM ACC for 2 hours and 4 hours. Non-treated seedlings were used as a control. Three biological replicates were set for each treatment, and one technical replicate was set for each biological replicate. For glucose-TOR related mRNA-seq, Wild-type (Col-0) and inducible tor mutant were grown in liquid 1/2 MS medium without glucose for 4 days, and then were treated with or without 15 mM glucose for 2 hours. Three biological replicates were set for each treatment, and one technical replicate was set for each biological replicate. For glucose-HXK1 related mRNA-seq, Wild-type (Ler-0) and the gin2 mutant seedlings were grown in liquid 1/2 MS medium without glucose for 4 days, and then were treated with or without 15 mM glucose for 2 hours. Three biological replicates were set for each treatment, and one technical replicate was set for each biological replicate.