Appendix 1. Research questionnaire

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors facilitating collaboration among higher education tutors during the pandemic-induced shift to exclusive online delivery. Literature has remained scarce on this exact topic and context. This study, conducted at an English Language Teaching Centre affiliated with a UK university, highlights key factors for successful online collaboration. According to the findings, these are: training and support from peers and leadership, frequent professional interaction, and trust. Negative factors, such as contract length, time constraints, and excessive informal interaction, were also identified. Participants suggested increasing opportunities for expertise sharing to enhance tutor cooperation. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. A thorough thematic analysis was employed to analyse and interpret the evidence gathered. This research can serve as a foundation for future studies on enhancing staff collaboration in online or hybrid teaching environments.