Tables for article The history of ground ice formation and intra-permafrost fluid flow as documented by Ra and Th isotopes

We investigated residence time of ground ice in Svalbard permafrost. Marked differences were found in salinity and the chemical composition of ice taken from three nearby cores. Radioactive isotopes of Ra and Th suggest that while some of the ice is almost 10,000 years old, the more saline ice has much lower ratios of long to short-lived Ra isotopes, which suggests it is much younger (<2,000 years). This should be due to within-permafrost flow, which highlights its resilience to global warming.