A dataset of carbon parameters for the 24,366 lakes in China

This dataset presents the first comprehensive and long-term dataset of lake carbon parameters across 24,366 lakes in China, derived from Landsat satellite observations during 1984-2023 and in-situ measurements. It includes spatially explicit and annually resolved estimates of the three major carbon forms in laske waters: Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Using a unified two-step machine learning framework that integrates watershed properties and Landsat surface reflectance, we retrieved pixel-level carbon concentrations/storage and aggregated them to 1.0° grid-based annual mean values. The dataset also provides derived indicators including organic carbon (OC), dissolved carbon (DC), and DOC/OC and DIC/DC ratios, offering rich insights into lake carbon cycling dynamics under changing climate and land use. The CLCP dataset is fully open-access and can support a wide range of applications in carbon budget assessment, freshwater ecology, and climate feedback research. Key Parameters and Units: DOC, POC, DIC concentrations: milligrams per liter (mg L-1) Carbon storage (DOC_stock, POC_stock, DIC_stock): metric ton of carbon (t C) Carbon ratios (DOC/OC, DIC/DC): unitless Annual change rates of concentration: milligrams per liter per year (mg L-1 year-1) Annual change rates of carbon ratios: percent per year (% year-1)