Enterprise Survey 2019 - Serbia

Abstract
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The survey was conducted in Serbia between December 2018 and September 2019. The survey was part of a joint project of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the World Bank Group (WBG).

The objective of the Enterprise Survey is to gain an understanding of what firms experience in the private sector.

As part of its strategic goal of building a climate for investment, job creation, and sustainable growth, the World Bank has promoted improving the business environment as a key strategy for development, which has led to a systematic effort in collecting enterprise data across countries. The Enterprise Surveys (ES) are an ongoing World Bank project in collecting both objective data based on firms’ experiences and enterprises’ perception of the environment in which they operate.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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For the Serbia ES, the size stratification was defined as follows: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (100 or more employees).

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for 2019 Serbia ES was selected using stratified random sampling, following the methodology explained in the Sampling Note.

Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region. The original sample design with specific information of the industries and regions chosen is described in "The Serbia 2019 Enterprise Surveys Data Set" report in Appendix C.

Industry stratification was done as follows: Manufacturing – combining all the relevant activities (ISIC Rev. 4.0 codes 10-33), Retail (ISIC 47), and Other Services (ISIC 41-43, 45, 46, 49-53, 55, 56, 58, 61, 62, 79, 95).

As it is standard for the ES, the Serbia ES was based on the following size stratification: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (100 or more employees).
Regional stratification was done across four regions: Belgrade, Šumadija and Western Serbia, Southern and Eastern Serbia, and Vojvodina. For the purposes of achieving the thresholds for representativeness, the ES indicators are calculated with some regions combined. In particular, Šumadija and Western Serbia, and Southern and Eastern Serbia are combined.

Note: See Sections II and III of “The Serbia 2019 Enterprise Surveys Data Set” report for additional details on the sampling procedure.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Two questionnaires - Manufacturing amd Services were used to collect the survey data.

The Questionnaires have common questions (core module) and respectfully additional manufacturing- and services-specific questions. The eligible manufacturing industries have been surveyed using the Manufacturing questionnaire (includes the core module, plus manufacturing specific questions). Retail firms have been interviewed using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module plus retail specific questions) and the residual eligible services have been covered using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module).

Response rate
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Survey non-response must be differentiated from item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Enterprise Surveys suffer from both problems and different strategies were used to address these issues.

Item non-response was addressed by two strategies:
a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect the refusal to respond (-8) as a different option from don’t know (-9).

b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary. However, there were clear cases of low response. Please, note that for this specific question, refusals were not separately identified from “Don’t know” responses.

The number of interviews per contacted establishments was 36.5%. This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units.

The share of rejections per contact was 48.7%.

摘要
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本调查于2018年12月至2019年9月在塞尔维亚进行。该调查是欧洲复兴开发银行（EBRD）、欧洲投资银行（EIB）和世界银行集团（WBG）联合项目的组成部分。
企业调查的目的是深入理解私营部门企业的经历。
在世界银行旨在营造投资、就业和可持续增长氛围的战略目标下，该行将改善商业环境视为发展的关键策略，这导致了对各国企业数据的系统收集努力。企业调查（ES）是世界银行的一个持续项目，旨在收集基于企业经验的客观数据以及企业对其运营环境的感知。
地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖
分析单元
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本研究的主要抽样单元为机构。机构是指从事商业活动、进行工业操作或提供服务的地方。一家公司可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有多个灌装厂和多个用于分销的机构。在本调查中，机构必须能够独立做出财务决策，并拥有与公司财务报表分开的独立财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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对于塞尔维亚企业调查，规模分层如下：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（100名以上员工）。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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2019年塞尔维亚企业调查的样本采用分层随机抽样方法选取，具体方法见抽样说明。
在本国，使用了三个分层级别：行业、机构规模和地区。关于所选行业和地区的具体信息的原始样本设计描述在附录C中的“塞尔维亚2019年企业调查数据集”报告中。
行业分层如下：制造业——结合所有相关活动（ISIC Rev. 4.0代码10-33）、零售（ISIC 47）和其他服务（ISIC 41-43、45、46、49-53、55、56、58、61、62、79、95）。
与世界银行企业调查标准一致，塞尔维亚企业调查基于以下规模分层：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（100名以上员工）。
地区分层涉及四个地区：贝尔格莱德、舒马迪亚和西部塞尔维亚、南部和东部塞尔维亚以及沃伊vodina。为了达到代表性阈值，ES指标的计算涉及某些地区的合并。特别是，舒马迪亚和西部塞尔维亚以及南部和东部塞尔维亚被合并。
注：有关抽样程序的更多详细信息，请参阅“塞尔维亚2019年企业调查数据集”报告的第二部分和第三部分。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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使用两个问卷——制造业和服务业——收集调查数据。
问卷包括共同问题（核心模块）以及分别针对制造业和服务业的附加问题。合格的制造业行业使用制造业问卷进行调查（包括核心模块以及制造业特定问题）。零售公司使用服务业问卷进行访谈（包括核心模块以及零售特定问题），剩余合格的服务业则使用服务业问卷（包括核心模块）进行调查。
响应率
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调查非响应必须与项目非响应区分开来。前者指拒绝参与整个调查，而后者指拒绝回答某些特定问题。企业调查面临这两类问题，并采取了不同的策略来解决这些问题。
项目非响应通过两种策略来解决：
a- 对于可能引发受访者负面反应的敏感问题，例如腐败或逃税，调查员被指示将拒绝回答（-8）作为一个不同于不知道（-9）的不同选项收集。
b- 当需要时，对信息不完整的机构进行重新联系，以完成这些信息。然而，存在明显的低响应情况。请注意，对于这个问题，拒绝回答没有与“不知道”回答分开识别。
每个联系过的机构的访谈数量为36.5%。这个数字是两个因素的结果：明确拒绝参与调查，如反映在拒绝率（包括筛选器和主要调查的拒绝）以及样本框的质量，如不合格单位的存在所代表。
每次联系中的拒绝份额为48.7%。