Data from: Lizards in the mist: thermal niches constrained by habitat and microclimates in the Andes of southern Bolivia

Aim: To understand how the activity budgets of ectotherms vary in mountain
areas with high microclimatic and habitat heterogeneity, and how these
factors together with habitat modulate the assemblage of ectotherm
communities. Location; Tajzara Basin, Cordillera de Sama (3600–4300 masl),
Department of Tarija, Bolivia. Taxon: four lizard species of the genus
Liolaemus. Methods: After parameterizing the thermal physiology of each
species and recording operative temperature time series with dataloggers,
we calculated activity budgets for every species across 30 sampling sites.
By multimodel inference we evaluated how activity budgets varied across
the topography. We also assessed how abundances of each species were
predicted by activity budgets, restriction time, temperature deviation,
habitat covers and exposure to cold microclimate. Results: Activity
budgets were not only influenced by elevation, but also by the exposure to
cold air that comes through saddles from the eastern side of the mountain
divide. Although thermal physiological parameters were relatively similar
among the species, their abundances were conditioned to different extents
by activity budgets, habitat and microclimates. Main conclusions: The
abundance and distribution of each species across these lizard communities
reflect the microclimatic heterogeneity originated by complex topography,
which uncouples activity budgets from elevation. Only one species was
confined to cold microclimate refugia with higher exposure to Föhn effect.
Despite having relatively similar thermal aspect of fundamental niches,
lizards may differ in their realized niches by habitat selection. Habitat
specialization could compromise the persistence of some species under
global warming by reducing the dispersal possibilities to certain areas
where population sustainability might be impaired in the long term.
Understanding the heterogeneity of microclimates and habitats and the
physiology of the species partially explains their distribution at local
scale, and provides insights on how to best confront upcoming climate
change effects.